NLIHC Paper Examines Uses of Flexibilities in ERA Program

NLIHC published an article, “Learning from a Crisis: Strategies to Increase Flexibility in Housing Choice Voucher Implementation,” in HUD’s latest Cityscape journal. The article utilizes historical analysis, qualitative data concerning the experience of implementing Emergency Rental Assistance (ERA), and original research to understand how program flexibilities used through the ERA Program, such as direct-to-tenant assistance, self-attestation, categorical eligibility, fact-specific proxy, and housing stability services, could help improve access to and utilization of the Housing Choice Voucher program.

The U.S. Department of Treasury’s (Treasury) ERA program was a national effort of unprecedented scale to help renters in crisis during the COVID-19 pandemic. ERA allowed program flexibilities not typically found in federal housing assistance programs, including direct-to-tenant assistance (DTA), self-attestation for certain eligibility criteria, categorical eligibility, fact-specific proxy, and housing stability services. Treasury provided regular guidance on these flexibilities to help grantees ensure that funds reached households with the greatest needs in time to prevent evictions.

The ERA program helped prevent millions of evictions during the pandemic. The use of program flexibilities such as DTA, self-attestation, and categorical eligibility and housing stability services to reduce barriers tenants face when applying for and receiving assistance were key to this success. The history of the ERA program provides important lessons about how to make HCVs more accessible to the lowest-income and most marginalized renters. Preliminary data suggest that grantees with direct-to-tenant payments, categorical eligibility, and fact-specific proxy served a slightly greater share of low-income renter households in their jurisdiction compared with grantees that did not. Housing stability services were positively associated with households successfully moving through the application process and receiving funds.

The HCV program currently assists over 2 million households. However, renters face challenges in both accessing and using HCVs due to scarcity of resources, burdensome requirements, uninterested landlords, and racial discrimination. Learning from and incorporating flexibilities from pandemic-era initiatives, such as ERA, the Emergency Housing Voucher program, and waivers authorized under the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act, into the HCV program could allow public housing agencies to address these challenges, improving access to and utilization of the program.

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